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古斯塔夫 | 26th Apr 2007, 6:41 PM | 靈性.啟發 | (120 Reads)

信仰的一部分是因為需要

龍應台:法師,在您的人生之中,是否曾有一個比較大的矛盾是要解決的?

聖嚴:我是個宗教師,我的信仰不會有矛盾,但是信仰這件事,確是有矛盾的。如果從邏輯、考證與分析的角度來看信仰,信仰便是矛盾的。

信仰是屬於個人的體驗。譬如有了信仰,覺得對自己有用,對他人也很好,那就相信吧!任何一種宗教都是如此,天主教、基督教或者回教,在某一個層次都是這樣的。如果一定得從邏輯、理論、哲學的角度來探索宗教,那就不談信仰,純粹作學術研究,也未嘗不可。只是研究宗教與信仰不同,前者無法深入信仰的內涵,也沒有辦法得到信仰的力量、信仰的功德。

龍應台:您的意思是說,信仰不是一種探索的結果,而是一種態度;一開始就是一種態度?

聖嚴:信仰的一部分是因為需要。比如達賴喇嘛曾經舉例,佛教講因果,可是因果無法以現實證明「兌現」;即便如此,因果還是存在的。只要你相信有過去世、有未來世,因果便成立了。如果執意不信有過去世、未來世,那麼因果就講不通了,因為那是看不到的。

許多的人很矛盾,一方面想獲得佛法的利益,但又不相信佛教講的因果。在我看來,這些人是被理性、邏輯給障礙了,所以信仰進不來。另一方面,為了獲得佛法的利益,而相信可能無法「兌現」的三世因果,這樣的信仰是否等於迷信呢?這要看信仰的內涵與作用。對於自己不明白的事、無法解釋的現象,充滿懷疑而煩惱不已;但是接受信仰以後,煩惱、問題就可減少一些。如果是這樣子,為什麼要否定信仰呢?

信仰之中,確是有一部分無法以常理解釋,也沒有人可以提供解答,但是信仰的力量確實存在。譬如有一尊觀音像,受到佛教徒的禮敬崇拜,許多的人都來拜,而觀音只是靜默不回應。不回應就代表沒有感應嗎?這是因人而異,不相信的人很難有感應;相信的人,通常會有感應的。

龍應台:您的意思是說,所有宗教的本質都是先有信仰,才有下一步。是這樣嗎?

聖嚴:比如你的父親三年前往生,你相信你的父親從此消失不見嗎?還是你相信你父親的生命仍然存在?

龍應台:我就是不知道我應該相信什麼。

聖嚴:通常的人在情感上,希望它是存在的。

龍應台:對,但是我們受理性教育的人,又會打一個問號!

聖嚴:你打了問號,信仰就不存在。有的人根本不在乎人死之後的精神存有問題,既然已經往生,也就什麼都不留了。這是唯物論者的觀點,只有物質消滅,沒有精神延續的問題。可是在中國人的傳統社會,生死不是那麼決斷的事。暫且不論佛教觀點,傳統的中國文化也相信生命是延續的。譬如孔夫子講:「未知生,焉知死!」對討論死亡這件事雖然存疑,但也不否認。又說:「祭神如神在!」肯定祭祖追思是有其需要的。這是儒家思想對社會的一種正面的安定力量,對社會倫理價值的維繫,有很大的作用。

儒家也相信「天」的存在。天,其實是一個虛無的思想,並非有一個具體的天存在。中國人崇拜天,信仰天,相信活著之時,人上有天;人死之後,則墮入陰間、黃泉。這還是相信人死之後有一個去處,生命還是存在的。

從佛教的觀點,生命是生生世世存在的相續,不因一期生命的結束而中止。佛教是如此看待生死,對信仰者也是一種安慰。

過分關注現實世界,會阻擋對深層問題的探索

龍應台:您剛剛說我這三年的探索不夠,確實如此,而且我發現,我只是一點點的探索,都已經看到一個矛盾,也許是因我的智慧太少。譬如當我認真去讀、去思考生死大問之後,哪怕只是淺淺的觸碰,我馬上會覺得自己在現實世界的一切作為,譬如寫作,立刻顯得空虛無用。那價值是立見分明的。如果我在這個探索上再認真一點,我會馬上停止寫作這件事,這樣的情緒已經很強了。

聖嚴:聽起來你像是一個極端主義者。如果講比較、批判之心,其實我對政治、現實社會,內心也會有批判的聲音,可是身為宗教師,我的工作是以佛法關懷大眾、教育社會、安定人心,縱使對現實社會憂心、感慨,但仍不影響我的本分工作。

龍應台:您難道不覺得如果對現實世界過於關注,其實是會阻擋你探索比較深層的問題?不是嗎?

聖嚴:這是正常的。問題在於你自己希望在哪一方面貢獻?是向內心的深層探索,還是發揮專長來幫助社會?

(引自:http://blog.readingtimes.com.tw/literature/archive/2007/04/13/1254.html

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[引用] | 作者 jhbf22 | 7th Apr 2008 5:16 PM | [舉報垃圾留言]